Decoupling Capacitor Insertion Minimizing IR-Drop Violations and Routing DRVs

Decoupling capacitor (decap) cells are inserted near function cells of high switching activities so that their IR-drop can be suppressed. Their design becomes more complex and uses higher metal layers, thereby starting to manifest themselves as routing blockage. Post-placement decap insertion, with a goal of minimizing both IR-drop violations and routing design rule violations (DRVs), is addressed for the first time. U-Net with graph convolutional network is introduced to predict routing DRV penalty. The decap insertion problem is formulated and a heuristic algorithm is presented. Experiments with a few test circuits demonstrate that DRVs are reduced by 16% on average with no IR-drop violations, compared to a conventional method which does not explicitly consider DRVs. This results in 48% reduction in routing runtime and 23% improvement in total negative slack.