Monorails, Unconventional Railway Technologies: A Review

This article presents a review of unconventional mass rail transportation systems called monorails. This review includes the description of the main characteristics of the monorails, the technical diagrams, the advantages and disadvantages, a general list of the main operating monorails in the world with their general characteristics, the main reasons for choosing this type of mass transportation technology of passengers above conventional rail technologies, a historical record of monorail accidents that have occurred. In addition, it presents a characterization of the conceptual engineering and the current state of progress of the Panama City Monorail Line Project. Finally, the conclusions and future lines of research are presented.