System Dynamics Modeling for Smart and Collaborative Last Mile Networks

This paper presents a comprehensive model of smart and collaborative last mile supply networks. Facing a multitude of challenges such as economic pressure, demographic change, and environmental demands, urban last mile supply networks are increasingly strained. Various solutions and strategies such as the integration of novel technologies and collaborative approaches are discussed in the literature and tested in case studies. The application of artificial intelligence for supply networks holds potential for future urban logistics optimization and is thus considered a relevant research avenue. A design science approach comprising system dynamics-based modeling is chosen due to last mile networks' inherent complexity. Systems thinking has proven to be useful in urban logistics and smart city research contexts as it enables researchers and practitioners to achieve a more holistic perspective. The proposed model contributes to a better understanding of last mile network complexity as well as the underlying interdependencies.