Building PSS-based circular business model canvases: an application in the waste from electrical and electronic equipment context

Circular Economy (CE) is becoming even more important for companies. Especially at product End-of-Life (EoL) level, companies must cope with the adoption of circular practices within their well-established business models to turn into Circular Business Models (CBMs), often Product-Service System (PSS) based. However, in very limited cases this transition is supported by a real exploration and detailing of the elements and assets needed to address the specific circular value propositions, even more by a quantification and continuous monitoring of their real implementation. The Business Model Canvas is a valuable method to make the first step. It helps to determine, also for these business model, the key partnerships, resources and activities related to the costs to be sustained, and the channels, customers relationships and segments that could be capable to generate revenues. The aim of this paper is, then, to explore which is the set of feasible and possible PSS-based CBMs, determining and characterizing each of them through the application of the Business Model Canvas method.