Optimal Antenna Locations for Coverage Extension in Sub-Terahertz Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications

Sub-terahertz (sub-THz, 100–300 GHz) communications promise to bring extraordinary rates in future 6G systems. High path loss and blockage effects will limit the coverage of base stations (BS) to a few hundred meters making deployment of such systems along the roads expensive. As a way to decrease the BS density, relaying has been proposed. However, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation is characterized by different sets of communications paths depending on the antenna locations raising the question of their optimal positions. In this paper, by utilizing IEEE 802.15.3d parameters and 300 GHz propagation measurements, we develop a mathematical framework for comparison of multi-hop relaying systems with different antenna locations. We utilize coverage, BS availability, and the data rate over a multi-hop path as metrics of interest. Our results show that the windshield location is characterized by lower data rates and larger coverage while bumper and engine levels are similar in terms of these metrics. For the windshield location, the coverage is extended by 50% with BS availability 0.95. The windshield location is recommended as it is less sensitive to the technology penetration rate and is characterized by larger coverage. The proposed approach shows gains of up to 32% in terms of required BS density for the range of vehicles density (10-40 units/km).