Overview of the D3R Observations During the ICE-POP Field Campaign With Emphasis on Snow Studies

The International Collaborative Experiment during the PyeongChang Olympics and Paralympic winter games 2018 took place in the PyeongChang region of South Korea. The main goal of this field campaign was to study winter precipitation in an environment that has complex terrain. The NASA dual-frequency, dual-polarization, Doppler radar (D3R) was calibrated and deployed in this field campaign. The positioning error of the radar was calibrated to be within 0.1°. The D3R was deployed for more than four months and was able to capture many interesting snowfall events along with a few rain events. In this article, the deployment and performance of the D3R during the campaign are discussed. The snowfall events captured by the D3R are discussed in detail to interpret the microphysics from a radar's perspective. The reflectivity–snowfall rate relationship is derived at the Ku band, and the snow accumulation computed is in good agreement with a precipitation gauge that was deployed near the radar. The benefit of the dual-frequency ratio for identifying the precipitation particle types is briefly introduced using the data from a large snow event on 28th February 2018. The vertical profile D3R data for this snow event are studied for detecting the presence of pristine-oriented ice crystals in the mixed hydrometeor phase conditions. Various other instruments, such as X-band radar and disdrometers, were deployed in the campaign. The D3R data are compared with the MxPOL X-band radar, and the reflectivity values match within a couple of dB in the common volume region.