Formal modelling of the electricity balancing responsibility

An electricity system is an adaptively complex system involving human activity and unpredictable events. It makes it complicated to model in its entirety. With the transition from a purely electricity-provider grid to a smart grid, it is likely to be even more difficult. At the same time, the system stability must be maintained. It is the mission of the transmission system operator to balance the grid. One way to ensure the growth of participants’ number will support the system balance is to make the participants “financially responsible of the imbalances they cause”(EU regulation 2019/943). The national regulation must complies with this principle but the changes make this difficult to verify. Consequently, we propose a formal approach of modelling to understand how the different exchange schemes affect the balancing position of the actors. We use the French regulation as a base and we develop a method to analyze the balancing position of the participants. The model is a symbolic set of equations with energy-related terms as variables. Then as a case study, we model a French market for demand side management. Our first results demonstrate that the calculation method of the reference consumption determines if the principle is observed.