Optimal geometry analysis of directional angles for passive localization by multiple observers using PDOA

Passive localization by multiple observers using phase difference of arrival (PDOA) of long baseline interferometer (LBI) is a novel method that has presented recently. The directional angle of the LBI equipped on each platform is an important factor that can greatly affect the localization performance. A particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based method for the optimal geometry of the direction angles for passive localization by multiple observers using PDOA is proposed in this paper. The object function is firstly established using the trace of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) matrix under the condition that an initial value of the emitter position has been obtained by the localization algorithm. And then the PSO algorithm is applied to solve the highly dimensional optimization optimal. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.