Reconfigurable and In-sensor Computing Pb-free Perovskite Array towards Intelligent X-ray Imaging

Conventional X-ray imaging architectures feature data redundancy and hardware consumption due to the separated sensory terminal and computing units. In-sensor computing architectures is promising to overcome such drawbacks. However, its realization in X-ray range remains elusive. We propose ion distribution induced reconfigurable mechanism, and demonstrate the first X-ray band in-sensor computing array based on Pb-free perovskite. Redistribution of Br
^–
ion in perovskite induces the switching of PN and NP modes under electrical pooling. X-ray detection sensitivity can be switched between two stable self-power sensing modes with 4373±298 and -7804±429 $\mu \mathrm{CGy}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{r}}{}^{-1} \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$ respectively, which are superior than that of commercial a-Se detectors $(20\mu \mathrm{C}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{y}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{r}}{}^{-1}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}^{-2})$. Both modes exhibit low detection limit of 48.4 $\mathrm{n}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{y}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{r}}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, which is two orders lower than typical medical dose rate of 5.5 $\mu \mathrm{G}\mathrm{y}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{r}}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. The perovskite array sensors can integrate with thin film transistors (TFTs) with low-temperature (80oC) process with good uniformity. An in-sensor computing algorithm of attention mechanism is performed on array sensors for chest X-ray images COVID-19 recognition, which enables an accuracy improvement up to 98.2%. Our results can pave the way for future intelligent X-ray imaging.