Optimal charging schedules for PEVs with voltage profile support in distribution grids

This paper presents a centralized approach for optimal charging schedules when several plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are connected to the power distribution grid. Thus, the proposed approach considers the constraints on PEV chargers, the limits on the state of charge (SoC), and the voltage levels of the grid to minimize the energy cost used to charge PEVs while providing a voltage support service to the grid. So, to incorporate the voltage levels, an approximated linear model for low voltage distribution systems based on the load profiles is employed. To confirm the effectiveness and performance of the proposed centralized approach for optimal charging schedules, it is tested by using the IEEE 33-bus radial network with a dynamic tariff system (ToU).