Analysis of Various Designs of Wideband Patch Antennas

The antenna is a vital part of any radio system. The need to develop new types of antennas is caused by the constant development and modernization of existing radio technologies. Patch antennas are used in almost all areas of radio engineering. These antennas can be used in smartphones, base station antennas for mobile communications, satellite communication terminals, unmanned aerial systems, radars, medicine, and to perform studies in meteorology, geophysics, and astrophysics. Today, the need to use wideband antennas is due to the existence of a vast number of various technologies operating in different frequency ranges. The systems are often wideband such as radar or mobile communications. Moreover, most devices must simultaneously support operation in several frequency ranges. The use of a wideband antenna instead of multiple antennas significantly reduces the weight, size, and cost of the device. This article discusses various designs of wideband patch antennas using a passive radiator over an active one and operating in two polarizations.