Enabling Pseudo-Orthogonal Preambles, Clustering, and MIMO in Massive IoT Networks

Massive Internet of Things (mIoT) traffic in beyond fifth generation (B5G) networks is stimulating a surge of data volume and may cause potential performance degradation when multiple devices attempt to transmit at the same time. In this paper, we present three techniques that can mitigate the effects of concurrent transmissions of multiple devices and improve network performance. First, by considering cluster-formation through beamforming and device activity factor, the number of active devices in a cluster becomes much lower. Second, by enabling pseudo-orthogonal codes for initial access in addition to existing orthogonal codes, more devices are allowed to transmit simultaneously. Third, by deploying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas at the base station, concurrent transmissions can be performed. Based on these techniques, network performance is assessed.