Performance Analysis and Optimization of Network-Assisted Full-Duplex Systems Under Low-Resolution ADCs

Network-assisted full-duplex (NAFD) distributed massive multiple-input–multiple-output (M-MIMO) enables the in-band full-duplex with existing half-duplex devices at the network level, which exceptionally improves spectral efficiency. This article analyzes the impact of low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on NAFD distributed M-MIMO and designs an efficient bit allocation algorithm for low-resolution ADCs. The beamforming training mechanism relieves the heavy pilot overhead for channel estimation, which remarkably enhances the system performance by guiding the interference cancellation and coherence detection. Furthermore, closed-form expressions for spectral and energy efficiency with low-resolution ADCs are derived. The multiobjective optimization problem for spectral and energy efficiency is solved by the deep Q network and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. The simulation results corroborate the theoretical derivation and verify the effectiveness of introducing low-resolution ADCs in NAFD distributed M-MIMO systems. Meanwhile, a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for ADC accuracy flexibly provide guidelines for deploying in a practical NAFD distributed M-MIMO system.