Detection of Fault in a PV Array using Teager Kaiser Energy Operator

When the fault current exceeds its rated value as specified by numerous international standards, the conventional Photovoltaic (PV) array protection devices are helpful in detecting Line-Line (LL) and Line-Ground (LG) faults. However, it is seen that the fault current in a PV string remains below its threshold value depending on the irradiance and position of the fault. As a result, a PV array occasionally has problems that go unnoticed. An undetected fault like this manifests in reduction in array power, damages the affected PV module(s) and leads to fire hazards. Available fault detection techniques have limitations in detecting faults in a PV array i) which are connected with blocking diode ii) during partial shading. In this study, we offer a Teager Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) based method that is less computationally intensive than previous approaches for fault identification in a PV array. The accuracy of the suggested strategy is practically tested on a number of common case studies.