A Comparative Hybrid Optimisation Analysis of Load Frequency Control in a Single Area Power System Using Metaheuristic Algorithms and Linear Quadratic Regulator

Load frequency control (LFC) in a power system plays an important role to ensure system frequency and the desired demand or output power in an interconnected network is regulated and able to control the change when it is subjected to load disturbance. The research to date has tended to focus on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to optimise the performance of the network rather than looking into hybrid optimisation techniques. In this paper, three metaheuristic algorithms namely the particle swarm optimisation (PSO), the artificial bee colony optimisation (ABC), and the grey wolf optimisation (GWO) are employed to optimise the selection of the linear quadratic regulator (LQR). These three methods are then evaluated and the outcomes suggest that PSO+LQR and GWO+LQR provide a significant performance improvement of the LFC in terms of the steady-state frequency deviation, the settling time, and the rise time.