Technical, Economical, Environmental feasibility of Solar PV System for Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture: A Case Study of a Circular Shrimp Pond in Indonesia

The shrimp aquaculture industry in Indonesia has continued to expand, leading to a higher energy demand. The new circular shrimp pond technology has gained much attention; this method uses paddle wheel aeration and an air blower to satisfy the dissolved oxygen in the pond. The energy consumption by both devices is intensive and associated with greenhouse gas emissions. This study demonstrates an optimal configuration for a solar PV system to satisfy the electrical requirements for circular pond technology in shrimp aquaculture. This paper presents a technical, economic, and environmental analysis for achieving a cost-effective configuration using actual data from a supply and demand perspective. The results show that integrating 28.4-kW solar PV panels, a 5.52-kW DC-AC inverter, and 114 strings of 1-kW lead-acid battery storage banks is the configuration that leads to a minimum cost of energy (COE) of 0.468 $/kWh. Such a configuration can reduce emissions by 7,349 kg of carbon dioxide, 31.9 kg of sulfur dioxide, and 15.6 kg of nitrogen oxide per year. Using a solar PV system reduces the negative environmental impact and allows sustainable shrimp aquaculture.