Energy efficiency Wireless Sensor Networks Protocols: a Survey

Wireless sensor networks are an important component of industrial applications (WSNs). The potential application of WSNs for applications such as environmental monitoring, disaster management, health monitoring, intelligence monitoring, and security recognition has grown in importance. In such applications, sensor nodes (SNs) are expected to be deployed in huge numbers in an outlying location, and it is extremely difficult to replace these SNs in certain circumstances after full deployment. As a result, because SNs are mostly battery-powered computers, node energy consumption must be closely monitored in order to extend network life and availability to a reasonable duration. Several energy-efficient and energy-balanced routing techniques have been proposed in the literature throughout the years. The energy-efficient routing protocols strive to reduce energy consumption in each SN while enhancing network longevity. Energy-balanced routing techniques, on the other hand, extend the network's life by equitably balancing power consumption across network nodes. Several survey papers have been filed by researchers in order to analyze efficiency and discover the various energy-efficient routing strategies for WSNs. However, there does not appear to be a simple survey accessible to highlight the relevance, ideas, and principles of WSN load-balanced energy routing protocols. The energy-efficient and energy-balanced routing strategies for WSNs are fully explained in this study.