Multi-Stage Proactive Scheduling of Strategic DISCOs in Mutual Interaction With Cloud Energy Storage and Deferrable Loads

Unexpected events have underscored the need for proactive preparedness in local energy systems, especially strategic distribution companies (DISCOs). The state-of-the-art methods to take proactive approaches in DISCOs are to use battery energy storage systems (BESS). However, there is a lack of established approaches that include the inter-dependencies of techno-socio economic features. To overcome this limitation, this paper constitutes a multi-stage resilience-promoting proactive strategy with linear decisions to enhance the strategic DISCOs preparedness level to deal with unscheduled islanding operation under uncertainties. In particular, this strategy provides operational solutions to survive DISCOs under stressful conditions by incorporating the economic operation of cloud energy storage (CES), which manages many BESS, and correlated demand response (DR) programs in resiliency issues. To this end, the lexicography algorithm is employed to prioritize different objectives based on the pre-avoidance, avoidance, survival, and post-disaster stages, which captures the BESS' energy level as well as socio-economic features of DISCO and CES. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is demonstrated both analytically and empirically. At first, the features of the proposed strategy are examined in responding to islanding state using a set of numerical studies conducted on the IEEE 69-bus test system in GAMS software. After that, insightful analyses are performed via DIgSILENT PowerFactory to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy.