Dynamic Estimation-Based Protection and Hidden Failure Detection and Identification: Inverter-Dominated Power Systems

Legacy Protection and Control (P&C) Systems are vulnerable to misoperations due to a variety of reasons: miscoordination, complexity, human error, and hidden failures. Adding to these, the characteristics of the power system are changing due to the addition of inverter-interfaced generation. Inverters have different characteristics than synchronous machines when responding to faults or disturbances, and the logic of commonly applied P&C systems may fail to operate as expected. Some recent relay misoperations have been attributed to inverter-interfaced resources.