A Systematic Literature Review of Barriers and Drivers E-Government in Developing Countries: TOE Framework Perspective

The adoption and implementation of e-government is a necessity for governments in developing countries. However, there are many barrier factors faced in its implementation. At the same time, there are also driver factors that can support it. We used the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) to identify barriers and drivers in e-government implementation in developing countries. Several theories or frameworks are used in related studies, one of which is the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. This study reveals that the previous studies were still focused on the municipal and central government levels. This study also found that there are 15 barriers and 17 driver factors. Based on TOE framework, we classified 7 factors in the technology dimension, 13 factors in the organization dimension, and 10 factors in the environment dimension. These findings can help other developing countries identify the barriers and potentials that can guide them to successful use of e-government.