Blockchain-Based Multiple Server Database System Prototype on BMKG Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Center Architecture

BMKG stores weather observation data from AWS (Automatic Weather Station) centrally on the BMKG Database Center server. However, centralized storage has the vulnerability of data being damaged or lost if the server experiences a crash, which can affect BMKG's service quality. One alternative to deal with this problem is to use a storage system with multiple blockchain-based database servers. Blockchain is a technology with an architecture consisting of a series of blocks where each new block is cryptographically linked to the previous block which ensures data integrity without any centralized authority. With this system, the data is automatically backed up and distributed so that data recovery can be done when there is a disturbance/attack on one of the nodes. And with the help of blockchain, data integrity between the servers used is guaranteed. The system consists of three main components, namely: MQTT Server, Blockchain, and REST API. The MQTT Server functions to receive data from AWS using the MQTT protocol, then the data is passed to the blockchain via the REST API as a blockchain interface with other components. The REST API also serves requests for data retrieval from the client to the blockchain environment. The blockchain environment consists of seven docker container nodes that are interconnected by a blockchain mechanism to process each transaction. These servers are hosted in cloud environtment which deployed in two different location. Based on the results of implementation and testing, all system components are functionally running well. However, the result of performance testing shows that system is still lacking in handling high amounts of transactions. Therefore, it requires an improvement to get better system performance.