Survey of Online Exam Proctoring Model to Detect Cheating Behavior based on Face Recognition

Exams are an important component of any educational program, including online education. In any test, there is a possibility of cheating, so its detection and prevention is important. This study aims to conduct an in-depth study of the online exam monitoring model approach based on facial recognition used to detect cheating. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria designed, 13 selected studies were obtained. From these studies, we conducted further analysis regarding the Face Detection Method, Face Recognition Method, Initial Feature, Behavior Analysis and Evaluation Metrics used in each study so as to provide answers to research questions. the most frequently used Face detection method was Viola-Jones with a presentation of 20%, then CNN and MTCNN with a total presentation of 21%. The most widely used face recognition method in selected studies is CNN and metrics Accuracy is one of the most frequently used evaluations with a percentage of 33%. While the features that are usually used to detect cheating during online exams include facial motion and head pose which occupies the first position. The second is eye movement, then multiple faces gaze estimation and facial expression is in third place. Other features that also play a role in analyzing cheating behavior are mouth detection, facial vector, landmark location, gesture and posture.