Automated Site Survey for Fingerprints in Fully Blind Indoor Environments Based on Sensor Integration

WiFi systems have been often preferred as admirable alternative for satellite-based systems for indoor location-based services. Although fingerprints-based localization techniques show fairly reliable performances with the received signal strength indicator, site survey processes to construct a database require excessive time for measurement works. Existing studies to reduce such time bring many constraints. In this letter, an automated fingerprints construction technique is proposed to survey perfectly blind indoor environments. To survey without human intervention, the global positioning system, pedestrian dead reckoning system, and the fine timing measurement protocol are integrated. The proposed technique is validated with site measurements in two sites.