An analytical model to optimize the powertrain sizing of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Optimizing the design of hybrid powertrains requires co-optimizing its plant and control. A closed-form method to estimate the fuel consumption over a driving cycle is available in the literature, the Fully-Analytical Fuel Consumption Estimation (FACE), simplifying this co-optimization problem. However, besides oversimplifying the electrical components, this method was not developed for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles. This paper expands this approach to FCHEVs, using more refined models for the electrical components, and confronts it with experimental data on the Toyota Mirai, showing that it adequately estimates the hydrogen consumption, with an error RMS of less than seven percent.