Preliminary Kidney Disease Diagnostic System based on Concentration of Hydrogen Ions in Urine

In this paper, a monitoring system device that analyses kidney conditions through urine pH was developed. This monitoring device provides a simple solution for people to keep updated on their kidney condition that could be implemented in the toilet either in public or personal via mobile apps wirelessly. It has been suggested that a person's urine pH that is not in the range are likely to suffer from kidney problem either kidney disease or kidney stone. An interview with a medical physician was performed to get a confirmation of the relationship between the pH level of urine and kidney condition. Urine samples of a total of 8 subjects were examined to observe the differences in pH levels for each subject. Factors that affect the pH level of urine, which are intake of medicine/supplement, fasting urine, health condition, and foods have been considered during the analysis. An experiment was conducted to compare the accuracy of our system compared to a standard urinalysis strip doctor used in a clinical test. The results show that our system manages to record accuracy in the range of 90% to 97% as compared to the urinalysis strip. This developed device is believed could help people to monitor their kidney condition easily and increase their awareness of kidneys' health.