Multiple Access for Symbiotic Radios: Facilitating Massive IoT Connections with Cellular Networks

Symbiotic radio (SR) has emerged as a spectrum-and energy-efficient paradigm to support massive Internet of Things (IoT) connections. Two multiple access schemes are proposed in this paper to facilitate the massive IoT connections using the cellular network based on the SR technique, namely, the simultaneous access (SA) scheme and the selection diversity access (SDA) scheme. In the SA scheme, the base station (BS) transmits information to the receiver and multiple IoT devices simultaneously transmit their messages by passively backscat-tering the BS signal to the receiver, while in the SDA scheme, only the IoT device with the strongest backscatter link transmits information to the receiver. The receiver jointly decodes the information from the BS and the IoT devices. To evaluate the above two schemes, we derive the closed-form expressions of the ergodic rates for both schemes. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and compare the proposed two multiple access schemes. When the number of IoT devices is small, the SDA scheme is more appealing since it can significantly reduce computational complexity while achieving equivalent performance to the SA scheme.