Adaptive Coordination of Distance and Direction Overcurrent Relays in Active Distribution Networks Based on the Tunicate Swarm Algorithm

In this paper, an adaptive protection scheme is presented. This protection scheme is based on a recent algorithm called the tunicate swarm. This algorithm simulates the tunicate the navigation of swarm and foraging behaviors. The proposed protection system is used to coordinate distance and direction overcurrent relays. This issue is a novel and hot search point. That protection system is tested in IEEE 8-bus test system. In addition, it compared with well-known algorithms to validate the proposed protection scheme.