The Challenges and Opportunities in Adopting AI, IoT and Blockchain Technology in E-Government: A Systematic Literature Review

Over the past decades, governments around the world are implementing a variety of digital solutions in order to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of public services. By using modern information and communication technologies (ICT), citizens are provided with an easier, faster, and more secure way of accessing different types of data. Previous studies on e-government have given important insights into the differences between traditional government systems and digital, e-government. The research was conducted by the systematic literature review guidelines by Kitchenham for papers published between 2016 and 2021 and aims to identify main technologies that are adequate to be used in the context of e-government, by presenting key challenges, as well as opportunities and possible risks of adopting such solutions in public sector services. The results obtained suggest that pairing governance with modern information systems, such as artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT) and blockchain technology, if used properly, can contribute to achieving a higher level of quality of public services and encouragement of citizens' trust and further political activity. Therefore, the present study concluded that there is a significant dependency between a successful e-government implementation and the country's established legal foundations, available technical infrastructures, perceived public trust, as well as social and economical conditions.