Optimal Planning of a Microgrid Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage System

The rapid increase of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar power leads to the development of microgrids, especially stand-alone microgrids that supply remote demand. However, operating these grids still faces many challenges due to wind speed and solar radiation uncertainties. Energy storage systems and demand response programs can be treated as effective solutions to ensure power balancing and reduce the system's operating cost. This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model to determine the optimal scheduling of a microgrid. The uncertainties in wind and solar power are taken into account in this model. The proposed model is implemented on a test system, and the impact of the energy storage system and demand response on the microgrid's scheduling is analyzed. Results indicate that the proposed model can be meaningful in real-world conditions.