Application of Digital Twin in Smart Battery Electric Vehicle: Industry 4.0

It is believed that using electric vehicles (EVs) for transportation is essential for addressing environmental and sustainable development challenges. Current ecofriendly concerns, such as the fast depletion of fossil fuels, rising air pollution, rising energy demand, global warming, and climate change, have made it possible to electrify the transportation industry. EVs can address all of the aforementioned issues. For electric vehicles (EVs), and particularly those powered by lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, portable power supplies have become indispensable. Although Li- ion batteries have been the focus of EV research for a long time, issues like battery aging and safety have yet to be fully understood. According to our current understanding of smart technology, we have the ability to use the digital twin (DT) to overcome a problem that has been holding back battery development, as well as the preliminary DT applications in complicated systems such as industry 4.0. This research focuses on the characteristics of batteries and how they relate to their modeling, state estimation, remaining usable life prediction, safety, and control. We put together an analysis of some of the most current achievements in battery prognostics and health monitoring. Finally, we provide prospects for the development of DTs in the field of EV batteries.