Modeling of Noisy Quantum Circuits using Random Matrix Theory

A major challenge in exploiting the principles of quantum information is the influence of noise which tends to work against the quantum features of a system. The traditional quantum gate error model provides a general framework to study noisy quantum circuits, but may fail to capture intricate microscopic interactions between qubits in addition to the environment. This can significantly overestimate the feasibility of implementing useful quantum algorithms on physical quantum hardware. In this paper, we study a noise model driven by random matrix theory that captures an effective microscopic interaction, and assess the suitability of the quantum gate error model. Our approach assumes noise arises due to interactions with many physical sources, and modeled using random matrix theory and applied to the quantum circuit model.