A 24 GHz Flexible 10 × 10 Phased Array Antenna for 3D Beam Steering Based V2V Applications

This paper presents a flexible 10 × 10 phased-array antenna for efficient and high-gain 3D beam steering applications. The proposed antenna array consists of 25 quadrants of 2 × 2 unit cells, wherein each 2 × 2 unit cell is coaxially fed. The 45° phase shifting lines are incorporated in the feeding paths to facilitate the wide beamsteering range. The dimensions of the proposed phased array antenna (PAA) are 90 × 90 × 0.324 mm
³
. Simulation results show that the proposed phased-array antenna has a resonating frequency at 24 GHz with an operational bandwidth from 23.64 GHz to 24.31 GHz along with a high gain of 29.4 dBi. The array exhibits a maximum beam steering range of 149.8° in the θ axis and 120° in the ϕ axis with a gain variation less than 0.9 dBi. The proposed flexible PAA is suitable for its placement on curved surfaces of autonomous vehicles such as UAVs(Unmanned aerial vehicles).