Teleoperation Technologies for Enhancing Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Nowadays, fully connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV s) are not completely feasible. Teleoperation promises to be a key and promising solution for bridging the gap between current autonomous driving capabilities and the widespread adoption of CAV s. It allows CAV s to be monitored and (partially) controlled from a distance by remote operators in challenging or unexpected scenarios beyond the vehicle's autonomous driving skills. This paper defines teleoperation before discussing its significance for CAV s. After introducing teleoperation regulations, it highlights technical considerations, improvement techniques, and evaluation criteria for teleoperation performance. N ext, it summarizes major research efforts of prominent automotive teleoperation participants and different teleoperation use cases. Finally, this paper concludes with a discussion of research challenges and future research directions.