Implementation of Automatic Watering System and Monitoring of Nutrients for Grape Cultivation

Cultivating grapes requires precise watering, not more and not less, and a careful nutrition adjustment in each phase because these treatments assist the plant's growth. This research employed temperature and humidity sensors to detect the temperature and humidity in the soil as a part of an automatic fuzzy method-based watering system that relies on the sensor reading values. NPK sensors (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) were used to measure nutrients in the soil to determine the appropriate dosages of nutrients or fertilizers. The camera module, accessible through an android application, was used to monitor plant conditions. The results indicated that grapes watered using a watering system with a fuzzy controller showed better and healthier vines than those watered manually. The duration of watering varied depending on the temperature and humidity conditions. Watering occurred for approximately 6 seconds with a temperature range of 25–32 °C and humidity of approximately 60%. The DS18B20 temperature sensor showed an average error value of 0.12%, higher than the temperature meter readings, with a reading accuracy of 99.88%. The humidity sensor obtained an average error of 0.2% with a sensor accuracy rate of 99.8%.