Reliability Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems: An Overview

The wide application of battery energy storage in the power system and the frequent occurrence of thermal runaway incidents involving it have driven up the demand for its reliability analysis. Research on the reliability of battery cells and battery energy storage systems has been carried out from various perspectives. However, there is no comprehensive reliability analysis of the battery energy storage system, combined with its role in the operation of the power grid. In this paper, the basic framework of reliability analysis of battery energy storage systems is proposed, and a specific analysis of battery modules with complex reliability mechanisms is conducted. As two important factors affecting the reliability of battery modules, the performance degradation of battery cells and thermal runaway propagation are introduced in detail. Besides, the potential harm to the power grid caused by the reduced reliability of battery energy storage is analyzed. Finally, some suggestions for reliability analysis of battery energy storage systems are presented.