Organic Binding Materials in Cotton Waste

The continued logging for hardwood in subtropical rainforests is causing deforestation and the destruction of diverse environmental ecosystems. Synthetic plastics and particle boards containing synthetic binders such as formaldehydes are alternatives to hardwood, both of which are harmful to the environment and human health. To eliminate wood logging, various biomaterials could be used as promising alternatives to wooden materials. Cotton have been shown to be a viable alternative to various types of wood. Binders are essential in the production of composite wood from cotton. Natural, environmentally friendly binders that can economically and technically replace synthetic formaldehydes in particle boards have been sought after by scientists. Almost all identified natural binders are derived from plants. Comparison of the various alternatives reveals that neither alternative has been able to be a complete substitute for synthetic binders for a variety of reasons, including thermal stability and adhesive strength in some cases. There is also a lack of research into glue as a potential alternative, according to the literature. As a result, the goal of thisstudy is to contribute to analyzing this gap by investigating the technological readiness level for an animal-based natural binder that could be used in the production of wood from cotton stalks. This natural animal binder is fabricated in the lab, and itseconomic feasibility is compared to synthetic binders such as formaldehyde and ecofriendly formaldehyde, as well as natural binders such as lignin and cardanol and tannin. The findings indicate that using animal-based alternative binders as a replacement for synthetic binders has a high potential. To confirm the technical feasibility of the animal-based binder, additional research and tests for the physical characteristics of the resulting wood from the binder, such as bonding force, bending strength, and cohesion, would be required.