Mobility Management for Small Cells in 5G Ultra-Dense Wireless Network

One of the most anticipated approaches to overcoming the uncertainty of millimeter wave (mmWave) network is the deployment of ultra-dense small-cells in future fifth generation (5G). In order to produce a seamless and extremely dependable user mobility connection, mobility management is a crucial issue that needs to be solved. Given that fourth generation (4G) networks and 5G ultra dense small cells coexist, handover (HO) in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has brought attention. The most frequent mobility problems in HetNets are handover rate and failure, which can be prevented by modifying handover control parameters (HCPs) such time-to-trigger (TTT) and handover margin (HOM). In this paper, a dynamic HCPs algorithm is proposed in HetNets that adapts HOM and TTT based on user speed and received signal reference power (RSRP). Furthermore, in a high-speed environment, the RSRP signal is used to predict travel time in order to reduce the number of unnecessary handover (UHO) and HO failure. For various user mobile speed scenarios, the proposed algorithm was compared to static HCPs. Finally, according to the simulation results, the dynamic HCPs algorithm greatly lowers the handover rate (HOR), handover ping pong rate (HOPP), and handover failure rate (HOF), hence enhancing network performance at varied mobile speeds.