Green Synthesis of Silver-Containing Biomaterials with Effective Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity

Using the methods of green chemistry, three types of silver-containing biomaterials (powders, films, solutions) with effective antimicrobial and antiviral action were developed. Powdered silver-containing materials based on polyelectrolyte complexes of polysaccharides (pectin - chitosan, pectin - cationic starch, carboxy-methylcellulose (CM C)-cationic β-cyclodextrin, anionic starch - cationic starch) were prepared. Silver-containing film materials based on polylactide (PLA) biopolymer were created in three ways: (i) reduction of Ag+ ions by using green tea extract in solution of PLA with AgPalm; (ii) thermochemical reduction of Ag+ ions in PLA-AgPalm-chitosan polymer systems; (iii) cathodic sputtering of Ag nanoparticles from silver foil on the surface of the PLA. Silver-containing solutions were synthesized by reducing silver ions by some extract (green tea, mint, propolis, and pectin). The obtained materials were characterized by physico-chemical methods, and their antimicrobial, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties were studied. The relationship between the structure, morphology, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties of the obtained materials was studied. The elaborated materials can be promising for the treatment of wounds of various infectious origins; for the formation of antimicrobial coatings in medical, pharmacological, and biological laboratories to ensure sterile conditions; for creating packaging materials for long-term, high-quality and safe storage of food; as antimicrobial air filters in ventilation systems in hospitals and microbiological laboratories; for creating medical masks, etc.