Fusion Propulsion: Field of the Future

As part of a mini-course on plasma for space propulsion [IEEE ICOPS 2022, Seattle, WA], the potential use of controlled fusion is surveyed. Brief reviews are provided on space mission analysis and fusion technology for the respective nonspecialists. Notions for fusion propulsion are described for magnetic-, inertial-, and magneto-inertial confinement schemes. A system framework for a generic fusion rocket is provided, allowing comparison of possible fusion propulsion approaches with fission-driven electric rockets. The higher specific power offered by controlled fusion (>5 kw/kg) versus ~100 w/kg for fission or solar-powered systems suggests fusion can reduce trip times from years to months thereby enabling crewed missions to the outer planets.