Added Value of Providing Transmission Grid Congestion Management via Bidirectionally Chargeable Electric Vehicles

Congestion management in the European transmission grid is currently mostly provided by conventional power plants. As electricity generation in the future will be increasingly characterized by volatile renewable energies, new technologies need to be integrated into congestion management. This paper develops a methodology for modeling storages in congestion management and investigates the potential for bidirectional electric vehicles (EVs) in 2030. A direct current load flow via Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF) is used to model the load flow in the transmission grid. Since the modeling involves great complexity due to time-coupling constraints of storages, different modeling approaches are investigated. The results show that bi-directional EVs can take over a significant part of the congestion management due to their decentralized distribution. A total of 26 TWh of positive redispatch of conventional power plants in 2030 can be replaced by the optimized use of bidirectional EVs.