IoT Enabled Water Distribution Systems for Energy Efficiency in WSN

According to the United Nations Globe Water Development Report, the world has a lower proportion of fresh water than it had in 1950, and water shortage will be a major concern in 2050. As a result, it is critical to prevent water loss throughout the distribution period by effectively monitoring and regulating the distribution network. The smart water grid (SWG) is a combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) that provides real-time sensor data such as water level at the storage point, water quantity consumed at the consumer level, water PH, pressure rate, inflow, and outflow of water. Because it utilizes minimal power and has a long range, IoT leverages Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology for data transfer in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This study will focus on how gathered data may be processed and computed for water demand forecast, pipe leakage detection, agent-based water distribution (WD), and water quality checks also improve the water distribution system to allocating water by taking key decisions in the smart water distribution systems (SWDS). This may lead to improving energy efficiency and reducing costs in monitoring and controlling the water system in the smart city.