An Umbo Microphone for Fully-Implantable Assistive Hearing Devices

This article presents an implantable microphone for sensing the displacement of the umbo, the end of the malleus where it attaches to the center tip of the cone-shaped tympanic membrane. The sensor comprises a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film with copper–nickel electrodes suspended across a brass cylinder. The cylinder is oriented so that the umbo pushes on the film center, causing a static and acoustically driven dynamic film displacement. An amplifier filters the resulting piezoelectric charge to produce an output signal. The sensor enables the full implantation of assistive hearing devices, which can restore hearing without inhibiting the user’s lifestyle, while enabling better sound localization in noisy environments.