Energy-Efficient UAV-Relaying 5G/6G Spectrum Sharing Networks: Interference Coordination With Power Management and Trajectory Design

As massive ground users access wireless networks with limited available spectrum, coexisting users that share the same spectrum band severely interfere with each other. Moreover, communication pairs without direct communication links may suffer from severe outage issues. In this paper, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying-assisted interference coordination is proposed to enhance data transmission reliability by 1) relaying transmission, and 2) alleviating mutual interference among ground users. To efficiently utilize confined UAV energy such that the UAV relaying service life can be significantly prolonged, the full-duplex (FD) technique is exploited. An exact energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem is formulated, which jointly optimizes throughput and UAV energy consumption. Different from the traditional offline method, online power management and trajectory designs are performed under the information causality and rate constraints. Considering that power management and trajectory are coupled, we design a block coordinate descent method to efficiently solve the optimization problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes, and the EE is about 30% and 46% higher than those of the genetic algorithm and half-duplex scheme, respectively. Moreover, impacts of different positions and the maximum power of ground users on the EE have been demonstrated.