Electrodynamic Forces in a High Voltage Circuit Breakers With Tulip Contact System—FEM Simulations

Paper concerns the effects of electrodynamic forces that act on the contacts of the tulip contact system that is often implemented in high voltage circuit breakers. The high voltage circuit breaker often consists of two such systems. One of the systems is treated as an arcing one - made of tungsten coated elements. Capable of implementing the phenomenon of thermal-expansion. The second is made of one or two crown laces. The first system consists of a single piece of large mass, cut in such a way as to obtain the effect of increasing the contact surface. The second is a system, often of several dozen contacts, so as to increase the contact area and reduce the transition resistance. The main problem of actual validation through dynamic measurements (electrodynamic forces) is the specificity of the circuit breaker operation. The contact system is located directly in the switch chamber filled with CO2 or SF6 gas. Hence, tests under normal working conditions are very difficult - even impossible. Therefore, the authors proposed employment of FEM (Finite Element Method) in order to obtain values of electrodynamic forces acting on the contact system by executing the detailed 3D coupled simulation. The analysis of the results brought interesting conclusions that concerned operation of such contact layouts in short circuit conditions.