Spectrum Sharing Brokers for Active and Passive Devices

Acute spectral crowding has necessitated the launch of multiple efforts centered on both the better use of electromag-netic spectrum and expanding spectrum use into increasingly higher frequencies. With the imminent proliferation of Fifth Generation (5G) systems in the 24 GHz band, these devices can present interference from out-of-band emissions to space-based weather radiometers conducting passive measurements of water vapor thermal emissions in the neighboring 23.6 - 24 GHz band. There is a critical need to accommodate both passive devices and active device transmitters, such as 5G systems, and allow for these active systems to adjust their transmissions to avoid critical weather radiometer systems in the nearby band. A survey of brokering systems is discussed and how they have the potential to protect crucial passive devices from unwanted interference by accounting for all spectrum users that could potentially interfere.