Critical Challenges of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) and Learning Theories

the purpose of this study is to discuss the online learning circumstances and challenges that emerged respectively after the influence of COVID-19. The main question of this study is, to what extent does electronic education contribute to continuing education in universities during the Corona crisis (Covid-19). How professional education can use the classic learning theories to solve the current challenges. Also, classifying the challenges that impede the successful usage of e-learning systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research relied on the descriptive-analytical approach based on data and statistics collected from United Nations reports and statistics UNDP, and some references to review solid research in the literature. Secondary data obtained should be adequately relevant but not excessive in addition to the observation as one of the essential tools used in scientific research. The study's findings revealed several challenges that arise with applying online learning and suggested solutions based on the fundamental learning theories such as behavioral, social cognitive, and constructive theories. This study recommends that E-learning requires digitizing curricula from primary education to university education to keep pace with different generations of technological development, which is an urgent necessity, especially in developing countries-developing the telecommunications infrastructure in line with the educational need and keeping pace with the current technology by providing the appropriate means and qualified and empowered teacher's work to increase education expenditures or the education budget to achieve many technological educational mechanisms in universities and save a reserve for crises.