Cognitive Radio and Its Applications in the New Trend of Communication System: A Review

Spectrum efficiency decay due to high demand for high data rate and growing technologies, tens of billions of connected devices need to provide by the services wirelessly causing a sharp drop in spectral efficiency and high-power consumption. The software-defined technologies represent one of the most important enabling keys to 5G and beyond networks, which designed to host all emerging technologies in heterogeneous networks. Cognitive radio (CR) is a software-defined radio (SDR) and a magical tool to relieve spectrum scarcity and reduce the consumed power for communication. This paper surveys the detection techniques integrated with artificial neural networks (ANN) in heterogeneous networks to address a future work to accelerate the establishment of reconfigurable software-defined technologies and to succor the spectrum. It is found that wireless sensor network (WSN) and the internet of things (IoT) are expected to be the most influencers of the spectrum’s solidity which have led the authors to conclude interesting future work.