Analysis of Directional Protections in Distributed Generation System with Synchronous Generators and Inverter-Based Resources

Due to the large increase of generation sources in distribution networks, there is uncertainty about the need to include the requirement of relays with directional function (directional overcurrent and directional power) by utilities. Furthermore, it is necessary to know precisely the particular effect on the grid due to the inclusion of synchronous generation sources or inverter-based resources. Therefore, this work analyzes the operating characteristics of each generation source under steady-state and short-circuits conditions with traditional relays and evaluates the necessity of including directional protections for each case.