Integrated Planning of Charging Piles and Battery Swapping Stations Considering Spatiotemporal Distribution of Electric Vehicles

With the rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), more charging and battery swapping facilities are needed to meet growing demand. However, a single type of charging or swapping facility cannot simultaneously and efficiently satisfy the power supply requirements of diverse vehicle types. In order to solve this problem, a joint planning method of charging piles and charging-battery swapping stations (CBSSs) is proposed in this paper. In this method, the influence of geospatial constraints on the layout scale of charging piles is considered, and the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of charging and battery swapping demands of private electric vehicles (PEVs) and the battery swapping demands of taxi electric vehicles (TEVs) respectively. On this basis, the layout scale of charging piles of each functional area is determined during the maximum charging demand period in a day to meet the demands of PEVs for charging convenience. Then, an operating state model of CBSS is established for calculation of the objective function. At the same time, a planning model of CBSSs is established to minimize the annual social comprehensive cost, which takes into account the economy of CBSSs and the battery swapping convenience of EVs. The planning of CBSSs can meet the demands of TEVs and some PEVs for a rapid power supply. Finally, using the urban transportation network of Changchun and IEEE 33-node system as an example, the planning of charging piles and CCBSs in direct charging mode and peak shifting mode are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the proposed method enables PEVs and TEVs to access convenient and rapid power supply, and the planning result of CBSSs in direct charging mode is more economical, while peak shifting mode is more conducive to the safe operation of distribution networks.