Vehicle to Everything (V2X) - A Survey on Standards and Operational Strategies

Number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is increasing significantly in the market. High number of PEVs in the grid, however, would bring major challenges to the electricity network to sufficiently supply the required charging for PEVs. Hence, making an interconnection between the transport and electricity systems is essential, and discharging of PEVs is a viable option to reduce the pressure on the network. To develop PEV discharging in a massive scale, the concept of vehicle to everything (V2X) has been emerged which includes the vehicle to home (V2H), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to grid (V2G), vehicle to load (V2L), and vehicle to building (V2B) technologies. This paper presents a survey on the standards and operational strategies for further deployment of V2X. Hence, the existing standards are introduced and the need for new standards and regulatory frameworks to deploy the V2X technology is discussed. The charger types (i.e., onboard and offboard) are explained and compared in terms of benefits and existing challenges. The operational strategies for V2X are investigated and categorized. It is discussed how to develop a operation models for V2X application.